ࡱ> <>;G "bjbjَ j],,,,, 8,^>XXXXX===#>%>%>%>%>%>%>$?AI>=+===I>=XX)X====XX#>,,=#>==#>J#>XL ,%vu,,=#>TUNNELING OF ELECTRONS AT SCANNING TIP This is the process that produces the image of a surface with atomic resolution to see individual atoms. By getting the scanning tip and the sample within a nm of each other and applying a voltage, the electron clouds, which occupy most of the volume of an atom, around each nucleus of the surface atoms, overlap with the electron clouds of the tip atoms. This allows the electrons from the tip to pass across to become electrons in the sample. This process is called tunneling.              ATOMSS ELECTRON CLOUDS tip-sample distance = 10 9 m = 1 nm TIP ATOMS SAMPLE ,-  !%(OPQR]^lm{~  " 5CJH*5CJ jUmHCJ 5>*CJ%,- !(PR^m|}~dh  $dh ~!   !" / =!"#$% [$@$NormalmH H`H Heading 3$$dh@&  5>*CJ<A@<Default Paragraph Font8B`8 Body Textdh CJUZai"nqMk"UZail"""!8@T)((   N2  S 0N2  S  N2  S N2  S N2  S N2  S N2  S N2   S N2   S N2   S N2   S N2   S N2  S N2  S N2  S <2  # ]<2  # G(2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2  (2   (2 ! T " C ԔC <2 # # <2 $ # <2 % # <2 & # <2 ' # <2 ( # <2 ) # <2 * # <2 + # ~<2 , # }<2 - # |<2 . # {<2 / # z<2 0 # y<2 1 # x<2 2 # w<2 3 # v<2 4 # u<2 5 # t<2 6 # s<2 7 # r<2 8 # q<2 9 # p<2 : # o<2 ; # n<2 < # m<2 = # l<2 > # k<2 ? # j<2 @ # i<2 A # h<2 B # g<2 C # f<2 D # e<2 E # d<2 F # c<2 G # b<2 H # a<2 I # `<2 J # _HB L C D7B M    NB N S D<2 O # 5<2 P # 3<2 Q # 4<2 R # /<2 S # +<2 T # &<2 U # .<2 V # 2<2 W # 1<2 X # -<2 Y # (<2 Z # )<2 [ # #<2 \ # $<2 ] # *<2 ^ # ,<2 _ # '<2 ` # "<2 a # !<2 b #  <2 c # <2 d # <2 e # <2 f # <2 g # <2 h # <2 i # <2 j # B k  6 NB l@ S D<2 m # T n C o NB o@ S D%NB p S DPB q    NB r@ S DNB s S D NB t S D<2 u # ^<2 v # \<2 w # [<2 x # Z<2 y # Y<2 z # X<2 { # W<2 | # V<2 } # U<2 ~ # T<2  # S<2  # R<2  # O<2  # H<2  # I<2  # J<2  # K<2  # L<2  # D<2  # N<2  # M<2  # F<2  # E<2  # :<2  # B<2  # A<2  # 9<2  # @<2  # 8<2  # =<2  # ?<2  # ><2  # ;<2  # <T  C Q `B K 0D1 B S  ?!"#$()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ[\^_`abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz~" ] t[t H  tXtt:BQt tns/"tt8 T tB ts|i tq*6$tKtMW*tl"vtrRtNFUtxTt.x t t  t O t   tmXotj6tiL6th|6LtgX6( tf( td`0teD S#tc `tbtaR"t`R"t[ R "t\<R "totTL"t_ A tY|tZ( m =t]mt =tS0m=t^ tXD tUYtRtq ktW( = tV=| tPtQD utO` 0tktL u tG>t 8pt;rteSt5et/VtetVt8t 8 tJ rt"tLtbt6t&~tD t S& tD Stqt=tqttDgtptaMyt2n{!t}t~d}t}}Ft|}t{/}xtz}tya}tx }Ctw } tv,}u t^_tuntJmM&=Px)tI}L%MO(tHK$]N'tGJ#mM&tFI"}L%tEH!K$tDG!J#tCF I"tBE(H!tAD8G!t@ DHF t?CXE(t>-BhD8t==Ax DHt<M@CXt;]?-Bht:m>=Axt9}=M@t8<]?t7;m>t6:}=t59<t48;t37:t26(9t1588t0 5H7t/4X 6(t.-3h 58t-=2x 5Ht,M1 4X t+]0 -3h t*m/=2x t)}.M1 t(-]0 t',m/t&+}.t%*-t$),t#(+t!u6E9Xt 5U8ht4e7xt3u6t25t14t0 3t/ 2t. 1t. 0 t-( / t%,8 . t5+H. tE*X-( tU)h%,8 tArthur R. Smith7D:\Art3\CAREER99\Atoms\New Atoms Web Page\tunneling.doc@}}}}"@@G:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Arial"1h;y;yd=!0+TUNNELING OF ELECTRONS AT SCANNING TIPArthur R. SmithArthur R. Smith Oh+'0 , H T `lt|,TUNNELING OF ELECTRONS AT SCANNING TIPUNNArthur R. Smithrth Normal.dotmArthur R. Smith1thMicrosoft Word 8.0T@@3vu@3vud= ՜.+,D՜.+,d  hp  Ohio University ,TUNNELING OF ELECTRONS AT SCANNING TIP Title 6> _PID_GUIDAN{2327CBE6-E121-11D7-BD33-080046088034}  !"#$%&'()*,-./012456789:=Root Entry F@,su`T%%vu?1Table AWordDocumentSummaryInformation(+DocumentSummaryInformation83CompObjj  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q