% OUPROP.STY -- OU Observatory observing proposal form, hacked from % an old NOAO style file. % First, identifying information about this style file. \def\revtex@ver{1.0} % Version number of this file. \def\revtex@date{01 Oct 04} % Revision date. \def\revtex@author{DJB/CDB/TSS} % This file's author. \def\revtex@org{OUO/MDM} % Sponsoring organization. \def\revtex@genre{observing proposal} % Document "type". % \ifundefined sequence \def\ifundefined#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax} % maximum number of Co-Investigators to print. % can be changed in form, e.g. \setmaxnumcois{10} \newcount\maxnumcois \maxnumcois=6 \def\setmaxnumcois#1{\gdef\maxnumcois{#1}} \def\revtex@pageid{\xdef\@thefnmark{\null} \@footnotetext{\revtex@org\space \revtex@genre\space \LaTeX\ macros v\revtex@ver.}} \let\ltx@enddoc=\enddocument \def\enddocument{\vfill\revtex@pageid\ltx@enddoc} % Page design/layout macros. Page sizes are at the end of the file. \def\baselinestretch{0.98} % Tighten up baselines a little. \def\ps@kpprophead{\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{} \def\@oddhead{\hbox to\textwidth{\small\sl \prop@phead \ifx\@empty\@rcptdate\phantom{, received Dec 31 1999} \else, received \@rcptdate\fi \hfill Page \thepage % \hfill \prop@pidbox}}\let\@evenhead\@oddhead }}\let\@evenhead\@oddhead \def\chaptermark##1{\markright {{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth>\m@ne \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ \fi ##1}}}} \def\prop@idbox{ \ifx\@empty\@propid{ \hfill\phantom{\framebox[1.7in][c]{\LARGE\bf/}} }\else{ \hfill\framebox[1.7in][c]{\LARGE\bf \@propid/\@sciencecategorynum} }\fi } \def\prop@pidbox{ \ifx\@empty\@propid{ \hfill\framebox[1.2in][c]{{\small\sl\ This box blank.} \phantom{\large\bf/}} }\else{ \hfill\framebox[1.2in][c]{\large\bf \@propid/\@sciencecategorynum} }\fi } \def\@thesistrue{Y} \def\prop@info{\begin{tabbing} % first line \hbox to.64\textwidth{\large\bf\prop@head\hfill}% \hbox to.36\textwidth{\hfill{\bf Semester: \@semester}}% \\ % second line \hbox to.30\textwidth{% \ifx\@thesis\@thesistrue{{\bf --THESIS--}\hfill}% \else{\hfill}\fi}% \hbox to.36\textwidth{\null\hfill}% \hbox to.34\textwidth{% \hfill \ifx\@rcptdate\@empty{\it Date:\/} \today% \else{Date received:} \@rcptdate\fi}% \end{tabbing}} \def\ques@font{\it} \def\instruct@font{\small\sl} % Proposal ID and receipt date will be filled in at NOAO. % % \proposalid{NUMBER} % \received{DATE} \def\received#1{\gdef\@rcptdate{#1}} \received{} \def\proposalid#1{\gdef\@propid{#1}} \proposalid{} \def\observatory#1{\gdef\@observatory{#1}} \observatory{} \def\proposaltype#1{\gdef\@proposaltype{#1}} \proposaltype{} \def\thesis#1{\gdef\@thesis{#1}} \thesis{} \def\sciencecategory#1{\gdef\@sciencecategory{#1}} \sciencecategory{} \def\semester#1{\gdef\@semester{#1}} \semester{} \def\sciencecategorynum#1{\gdef\@sciencecategorynum{#1}} \sciencecategorynum{} \def\panelassignment#1{\gdef\@panelassignment{#1}} \panelassignment{} % Below is the markup that the observing team needs to supply. % Instructions for filling in the form using these commands are in % a template proposal form file as LaTeX comments. \def\prop@head{Ohio University MDM Observing Proposal} \def\prop@phead{Ohio University MDM Proposal} \def\title#1{ \vspace*{-6\headheight}\prop@idbox \vspace*{0.5in} \prop@info\par \vspace*{0.1in} \def\@savetitle{#1}\ifx\@empty\@savetitle \makebox[\textwidth]{\Large{\bf TITLE:} \hrulefill}\par \makebox[\textwidth]{\hrulefill}\par \else{\LARGE\bf\@savetitle}\fi } \def\abstract{\par\vspace{0ex}\vbox to2.35in\bgroup\noindent {\bf Abstract of Scientific Justification:}\\ \parindent\z@} \let\ltx@endabstract=\endabstract \def\endabstract{\ltx@endabstract\vfil\egroup\vspace{\fill}} % Observer identification. These items are buffered so that they can be % specified in any order, subject only to the restriction that the observer % name be given first. The same commands are used to identify the PI as % well as the co-investigators; the formatting is controlled separately, % and differences arise in the use of LaTeX environments, below. % % Each member of the observing team is identified with several bits of % information. % % \name{OBSERVER NAME} % \affil{AFFILIATION} % \address{POSTAL ADDRESS} % \email{EMAIL ADDRESS} % \phone{TELEPHONE NUMBER} % \fax{FAX NUMBER} % \invstatus{F, P, G, U, or O} % % Note that the fax number does not print on the form. There is not % enough room on the cover page the way it is currently laid out. \def\name#1{\gdef\obs@name{#1}} \def\affil#1{\gdef\obs@affil{#1}} \def\department#1{\gdef\obs@department{#1}} \def\address#1{\gdef\obs@address{#1}} \def\citycode#1{\gdef\obs@citycode{#1}} \def\city#1{\gdef\obs@city{#1}} \def\state#1{\gdef\obs@state{#1}} \def\zipcode#1{\gdef\obs@zipcode{#1}} \def\country#1{\gdef\obs@country{#1}} \def\email#1{\gdef\obs@email{#1}} \def\phone#1{\gdef\obs@phone{#1}} \def\fax#1{\gdef\obs@fax{#1}} \def\invstatus#1{\gdef\obs@invstatus{#1}} \def\clear@obs{ \gdef\obs@name{} \gdef\obs@affil{} \gdef\obs@department{} \gdef\obs@address{} \gdef\obs@citycode{} \gdef\obs@city{} \gdef\obs@state{} \gdef\obs@zipcode{} \gdef\obs@country{} \gdef\obs@email{} \gdef\obs@phone{} \gdef\obs@fax{} \gdef\obs@invstatus{} } % Formatting of PI and CO-I data are controlled by the next two macros. % Now here is some dicey stuff. We want to solve a variety of problems with % one form and one set of macros, stemming from the need to print rational % forms, whether or not anything has been filled in electronically. In % other words, if somebody runs a *blank* electronic form through LaTeX, % a usable form should emerge from the laser printer, with blanks in the % appropriate places, etc. If the form is filled in electronically, the % rules should be replaced with the stuff the user fills in. % % Fine. Except that real estate on the first page is quite limited, and % we also need a way of letting the user who fills in information with the % editor know when he/she is being verbose. We achieve this by forcing % certain pieces of information into boxes of fixed size. These contain % either an \hrulefill, or text supplied by the author. If too much text % is provided, TeX will bitch about the overfull hbox. \def\yn@rule{\rule{0.3in}{0.4pt}} \def\prt@invline{ \hbox to.46\textwidth{\obs@tag\space% \ifx\@empty\obs@name\hrulefill\space\else\obs@name\hfill\fi}% \hbox to.40\textwidth{{\bf Institution:}\space% \ifx\@empty\obs@affil\hrulefill\else\obs@affil\hfill\fi} \hbox to.14\textwidth{{\bf Status:}\space% \ifx\@empty\obs@invstatus\hrulefill\else\obs@invstatus\fi\hfill}% } \def\prt@piblock{\begin{tabbing} \prt@invline \\[-1.8em] \end{tabbing}} \def\prt@advblock{\begin{tabbing}\prt@invline \\[-.5em] \end{tabbing}} \def\prt@coiblock{\begin{tabbing}\prt@invline \\[-.5em] \end{tabbing}} \def\prt@xcoiblock{\marginpar{\tiny\obs@name}} % Principal investigator and co-investigator environments. % Note that after the first three CoI blocks, I quit printing the CoI % information. This is not especially nice. It would be better if the % names (and possibly the grad student status) of the additional CoIs % were listed on the proposal form someplace. Since the cover page is % so full at this point, my sense is that these would have to be collected % into end notes somehow. This would be hard to program, and so it should % be deemed a very necessary requirement. Perhaps some other display % format would be acceptable, one that would require less programming. \newcounter{CoI} \def\obs@tag{{\bf CoI:}} \newenvironment{PI}{\clear@obs}{\def\obs@tag{{\bf PI:}}\prt@piblock} \newenvironment{Advisor}{\clear@obs}{\def\obs@tag{{\bf Advisor:}}\prt@advblock} \newenvironment{CoI}{\clear@obs\stepcounter{CoI}}{\ifnum\c@CoI>\maxnumcois \prt@xcoiblock\else\vspace*{-6.3ex}\prt@coiblock\fi} % \def\chk@setblank#1{\def\@kptmpa{#1}\ifx\@empty\@kptmpa \def\@kptmpa{\yn@rule}\fi\mbox{\@kptmpa}} \def\chk@setblankline#1{\def\@kptmpa{#1}\ifx\@empty\@kptmpa \def\@kptmpa{\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}}\fi \par\makebox[\textwidth][l]{\@kptmpa}} \def\undates@head {{\bf Other scheduling constraints} % {\it (up to four lines).}} \def\unusabledates#1{\undates@head\par\def\@kptmpa{#1} \ifx\@empty\@kptmpa{\par \makebox[\textwidth]{\hrulefill} \makebox[\textwidth]{\hrulefill} \makebox[\textwidth]{\hrulefill} \makebox[\textwidth]{\hrulefill}\par} \else{ \@kptmpa }\fi } % Observing run environment. This is used to describe observing parameters % in a very succinct manner, to be presented in an abbreviated form on the % first page. I have chosen to use multiple \begin{obsrun}-\end{obsrun} % groupings, as opposed to a repeating set of parameter identifying macros. \newcounter{obsrun} \newenvironment{obsrun}{\stepcounter{obsrun}}% {\ifnum\c@obsrun=2\par\prt@obsruns\par\fi} % Observing run parameters to be specified by the investigators. % % \telesope{IDENT} % \instrument{IDENT(S)} % \numnights{NUMBER} % \lunardays{NUMBER} % \optimaldates{RANGE} % \acceptabledates{RANGE} % These are pretty amazing-looking. They are fake "arrays", actually. \def\telescope#1{\global\@namedef{obs\@Alph{\c@obsrun}@telid}{#1}} \def\instrument#1{\global\@namedef{obs\@Alph{\c@obsrun}@inst}{#1}} \def\numnights#1{\global\@namedef{obs\@Alph{\c@obsrun}@numnights}{#1}} \def\lunardays#1{\global\@namedef{obs\@Alph{\c@obsrun}@lunardays}{#1}} \def\optimaldates#1{\global\@namedef{obs\@Alph{\c@obsrun}@optdates}{#1}} \def\acceptabledates#1{\global\@namedef{obs\@Alph{\c@obsrun}@accdates}{#1}} \def\obsrun@head{Summary of Observing Runs} \def\orth@font{\small} \def\prt@obsruns{\begin{center}{\bf\obsrun@head}\\[1ex] \setcounter{obsrun}{1} \begin{tabular}{|c||l|l|c|c|c|c|} \multicolumn{1}{c}{\orth@font Run} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\orth@font Telescope} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\orth@font Instrument} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\orth@font No. Nights} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\orth@font Moon age} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\orth@font Optimal months} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\orth@font Accept. months}\\ \hline 1 & \obsA@telid & \obsA@inst & \obsA@numnights & \obsA@lunardays & \obsA@optdates & \obsA@accdates\\ \hline 2 & \obsB@telid & \obsB@inst & \obsB@numnights & \obsB@lunardays & \obsB@optdates & \obsB@accdates\\ \hline % 3 & \obsC@telid & \obsC@inst & \obsC@numnights & % \obsC@lunardays & \obsC@optdates & \obsC@accdates\\ % \hline % 4 & \obsD@telid & \obsD@inst & \obsD@numnights & % \obsD@lunardays & \obsD@optdates & \obsD@accdates\\ % \hline % 5 & \obsE@telid & \obsE@inst & \obsE@numnights & % \obsE@lunardays & \obsE@optdates & \obsE@accdates\\ % \hline % 6 & \obsF@telid & \obsF@inst & \obsF@numnights & % \obsF@lunardays & \obsF@optdates & \obsF@accdates\\ % \hline \end{tabular} \end{center}} % The scientific justification and the proposed observing program are % typeset (printed) as they are specified by the author. Specific % observations are summarized in the "obsrun" environment (above). % % \justification % \expdesign % \manplan % \whyctio % \thepast \newenvironment{references}{\subsubsection*{References}}{\relax} \let\reference=\par \def\propsection{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@} {7pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{-1em}{\normalsize\bf}} \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@} {-3.25ex plus -1ex minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}} \def\justif@head{{\instruct@font Be sure to include the significance of the project in the context of previous work. Limit text to one page, with figures, captions and references on no more than one additional page.\par}} \def\feas@head{{\instruct@font Describe the observations to be made during this observing run. Include exposure time calculations to demonstrate that these observations will accomplish the science goals outlined in the previous section. Include estimates for calibration exposures. Justify the number of nights and the lunar phase requested.\par}} \def\progress@head{{\instruct@font If this is a continuing project, describe progress to date, including work at other facilities. If this is a new project, describe progress on any data obtained at MDM within the last two years. Specifically cite papers in refereed journals.\par}} \def\pathtocompl@head{{\instruct@font How many more nights will be requested in future semesters to complete this project? Explain how these nights will be used.\par}} \def\whowillobserve@head{{\instruct@font Who is actually going to do the observing? List the individuals who will go to MDM to observe. Include ``tag-alongs'' if you intend to take any.\par}} \def\previousexp@head{{\instruct@font Describe the primary observer's experience at MDM or elsewhere. If the observer is not experienced at MDM, who will accompany the observer for training?\par}} \def\sharingtime@head{{\instruct@font Explain whether sharing nights with other projects may be possible or advisable.\par}} \def\travelfunds@head{{\instruct@font Identify the source or sources of travel funds to be used if time is granted for this project.\par}} \def\sciencejustification{\newpage\propsection{\fbox{Scientific Justification}} \justif@head} \def\expdesign{\newpage\propsection{\fbox{Experimental Design \& Technical Description}}\feas@head} \def\progresstodate{\newpage\propsection{\fbox{Progress to Date}}\progress@head} \def\pathtocompletion{\vfill\propsection{\fbox{Path to Completion}}\pathtocompl@head} \def\whowillobserve{\vfill\propsection{\fbox{Individuals Traveling to MDM}}\whowillobserve@head} \def\previousexperience{\vfill\propsection{\fbox{Previous MDM Experience}}\previousexp@head} \def\sharingtime{\vfill\propsection{\fbox{Sharing of Time}}\sharingtime@head} \def\travelfunds{\vfill\propsection{\fbox{Source of Travel Funds}}\travelfunds@head} \def\technicaldescription{\propsection{\fbox{Technical Description}} \techjust@head} \def\relatedwork#1{\fbox{$\star$}\space#1} % RUN DETAILS PAGE \def\cleart@obsi { \gdef\obs@filters{} \gdef\obs@grating{} \gdef\obs@order{} \gdef\obs@crossdisperser{} \gdef\obs@slit{} \gdef\obs@multislit{} \gdef\obs@wstart{} \gdef\obs@wend{} \gdef\obs@cable{} \gdef\obs@corrector{} \gdef\obs@collimator{} \gdef\obs@adc{} } \def\filters#1{\gdef\obs@filters{#1}} \def\grating#1{\gdef\obs@grating{#1}} \def\order#1{\gdef\obs@order{#1}} \def\crossdisperser#1{\gdef\obs@crossdisperser{#1}} \def\slit#1{\gdef\obs@slit{#1}} \def\multislit#1{\gdef\obs@multislit{#1}} \def\wstart#1{\gdef\obs@wstart{#1}} \def\wend#1{\gdef\obs@wend{#1}} \def\cable#1{\gdef\obs@cable{#1}} \def\corrector#1{\gdef\obs@corrector{#1}} \def\collimator#1{\gdef\obs@collimator{#1}} \def\adc#1{\gdef\obs@adc{#1}} \def\runid#1#2{ \vfill \newpage \begin{center} {\large\bf Observing Run Details for Run #1: #2} \end{center} } \def\ic@font{\footnotesize} \newenvironment{configuration}{\cleart@obsi}{ \vfill \footnotesize \begin{center}\fbox{\large\bf Instrument Configuration}\end{center} \begin{tabbing} \hbox to0.35\textwidth{{\ic@font Filters: }\obs@filters\hfill} \hbox to0.30\textwidth{{\ic@font Slit: }\obs@slit\hfill} \hbox to0.35\textwidth{{\ic@font Fiber cable: }\obs@cable\hfill} \\ \hbox to0.35\textwidth{{\ic@font Grating/grism: }\obs@grating\hfill} \hbox to0.30\textwidth{{\ic@font Multislit: }\obs@multislit\hfill} \hbox to0.35\textwidth{{\ic@font Corrector: }\obs@corrector\hfill} \\ \hbox to0.35\textwidth{{\ic@font Order: }\obs@order\hfill} \hbox to0.30\textwidth{{\ic@font $\lambda_{\rm\tiny start}$: } \obs@wstart\hfill} \hbox to0.35\textwidth{{\ic@font Collimator: }\obs@collimator\hfill} \\ \hbox to0.35\textwidth{{\ic@font Cross disperser: } \obs@crossdisperser\hfill} \hbox to0.30\textwidth{{\ic@font $\lambda_{\rm\tiny end}$:\hspace{4pt} } \obs@wend\hfill} \hbox to0.35\textwidth{{\ic@font Atmos.~disp.~corr.: } \obs@adc\hfill} \end{tabbing} \vfill } \def\obs@head{Target Table for \@nameuse{instrname@\@instrid}} \def\@instrid{imager} \newenvironment{targettable}[1]{\cleart@obst% \def\@instrname{#1}\def\obs@list{}}% {\vfill\pagebreak[3]\begin{center}\small\bf\obs@head\\[1.8ex]% \footnotesize\tabcolsep2\p@% \nopagebreak[4]\samepage% \begin{tabular}{\@nameuse{pream@\@instrid}}% \@nameuse{obshead@\@instrid}\\\hline\\[-1.8ex]% \obs@list\end{tabular}\end{center}} % Observing parameters. Not all of these are needed for each instrument % combination. % % \objid{OBJECT ID} % \object{OBJECT NAME} % \ra{RIGHT ASCENSION} % \dec{DECLINATION} % \epoch{COORDINATE EPOCH} % \magnitude{MAGNITUDE} % \filter{FILTER} % \exptime{EXPOSURE TIME} % \nexposures{NUMBER OF EXPOSURES} % \moondays{DAYS FROM NEW MOON} % \skycond{SKY CONDITION} % \seeing{SEEING LIMIT} % \obscomment{COMMENT} \def\cleart@obst { \gdef\obs@objid{} \gdef\obs@object{} \gdef\obs@ra{} \gdef\obs@dec{} \gdef\obs@epoch{} \gdef\obs@magnitude{} \gdef\obs@filter{} \gdef\obs@exptime{} \gdef\obs@nexposures{} \gdef\obs@moondays{} \gdef\obs@skycond{} \gdef\obs@seeing{} \gdef\obs@obscomment{} } \def\obsblock@add{ \ifx\obs@list\@empty \@temptokena=\expandafter{\obs@list} \else \@temptokena=\expandafter{\obs@list\\}\fi \xdef\obs@list{\the\@temptokena\@nameuse{obsblock@\@instrid}}} \def\objid#1{\gdef\obs@objid{#1}} \def\object#1{\gdef\obs@object{#1}} \def\ra#1{\gdef\obs@ra{#1}} \def\dec#1{\gdef\obs@dec{#1}} \def\epoch#1{\gdef\obs@epoch{#1}} \def\magnitude#1{\gdef\obs@magnitude{#1}} \def\filter#1{\gdef\obs@filter{#1}} \def\exptime#1{\gdef\obs@exptime{#1}} \def\nexposures#1{\gdef\obs@nexposures{#1}} \def\moondays#1{\gdef\obs@moondays{#1}} \def\skycond#1{\gdef\obs@skycond{#1}} \def\seeing#1{\gdef\obs@seeing{#1}} \def\obscomment#1{\gdef\obs@obscomment{#1}\obsblock@add} \def\instrname@imager{\@instrname} \def\pream@imager{ccccccccccccl} \def\obshead@imager{ {\shortstack{Obj\\ID}} & {Object} & {$\alpha$} & {$\delta$} & {Epoch} & {Mag.} & {Filter} & {\shortstack{Exp.\\time}} & {\shortstack{\# of\\exp.}} & {\shortstack{Lunar\\days}} & {Sky} & {Seeing} & {Comment} } \def\obsblock@imager{ \obs@objid & \obs@object & \obs@ra & \obs@dec & \obs@epoch & \obs@magnitude & \obs@filter & \obs@exptime & \obs@nexposures & \obs@moondays & \obs@skycond & \obs@seeing & \obs@obscomment } % **************************************** % * EPS INCLUSIONS * % **************************************** % Include Rokicki's epsf.sty file explicitly. \@ifundefined{epsfbox}{\input{epsf.sty}}{\relax} % Simplified EPS inclusion macros so we can see how this goes... % These are layered on Rokicki's dvips material, and are dependent % on the author's use of that DVI driver. % % \plotone{EPSFILE} % \plottwo{EPSFILE}{EPSFILE} % \plotfiddle{EPSFILE}{VSIZE}{ROT}{HSF}{VSF}{HTRANS}{VTRANS} % % \plotone inserts the plot in a space that is \columnwidth wide; the % plot is scaled so the horizontal dimension fits in the text width, % and the vertical dimension is scaled to maintain the aspect ratio. % \plottwo inserts two plots next to each other in one \columnwidth, % sort of like "two-up" mode. % % EPSFILE name of file with EPS % % The following arguments are for the \plotfiddle macro which formats % the \special itself, prepares vspace, etc. This completely bypasses % Rokicki's macros that attempt to rationalize the EPS BoundingBox with % the LaTeX page dimensions. % % VSIZE vertical white space to allow for plot % ROT rotation angle % HSF horiz scale factor % VSF vert scale factor % HTRANS horiz translation % VTRANS vert translation %\epsfverbosetrue \def\eps@scaling{.95} \def\epsscale#1{\gdef\eps@scaling{#1}} \def\plotone#1{\centering \leavevmode \epsfxsize=\eps@scaling\columnwidth \epsfbox{#1}} \def\plottwo#1#2{\centering \leavevmode \epsfxsize=.45\columnwidth \epsfbox{#1} \hfil \epsfxsize=.45\columnwidth \epsfbox{#2}} \def\plotfiddle#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{\centering \leavevmode \vbox to#2{\rule{0pt}{#2}} \special{psfile=#1 voffset=#7 hoffset=#6 vscale=#5 hscale=#4 angle=#3}} % Conveniences - compatible with AASTeX v4.0. \def\deg{\hbox{$^\circ$}} \def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}} \def\earth{\hbox{$\oplus$}} \def\lesssim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$<$}}}} \def\gtrsim{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}}} \def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}} \def\arcdeg{\hbox{$^\circ$}} \def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}} \def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}} \def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}} \def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}} \def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}} \def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}} \def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}} \def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}} \def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}} \def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}} \def\micron{\hbox{$\mu$m}} \let\la=\lesssim % For Springer A&A compliance... \let\ga=\gtrsim \def\case#1#2{\hbox{$\frac{#1}{#2}$}} \def\slantfrac#1#2{\hbox{$\,^#1\!/_#2$}} \def\onehalf{\slantfrac{1}{2}} \def\onethird{\slantfrac{1}{3}} \def\twothirds{\slantfrac{2}{3}} \def\onequarter{\slantfrac{1}{4}} \def\threequarters{\slantfrac{3}{4}} \def\ubvr{\hbox{$U\!BV\!R$}} \def\ub{\hbox{$U\!-\!B$}} \def\bv{\hbox{$B\!-\!V$}} \def\vr{\hbox{$V\!-\!R$}} \def\ur{\hbox{$U\!-\!R$}} \def\ion#1#2{#1$\;${\small\rm\@Roman{#2}}\relax} \let\jnl@style=\rm \def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1}} \def\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}} \def\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}} \def\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}} \def\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}} \def\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}} \def\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.~Opt.}} \def\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}} \def\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}} \def\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}} \def\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}} \def\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}} \def\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}} \def\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}} \def\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}} \def\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}} \def\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~A}} \def\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~B}} \def\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~C}} \def\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~D}} \def\pre{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~E}} \def\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rev.~Lett.}} \def\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}} \def\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}} \def\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}} \def\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}} \def\solphys{\ref@jnl{Sol.~Phys.}} \def\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}} \def\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.~Rev.}} \def\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}} \def\nat{\ref@jnl{Nature}} \def\iaucirc{\ref@jnl{IAU~Circ.}} \def\aplett{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Lett.}} \def\apspr{\ref@jnl{Astrophys.~Space~Phys.~Res.}} \def\bain{\ref@jnl{Bull.~Astron.~Inst.~Netherlands}} \def\fcp{\ref@jnl{Fund.~Cosmic~Phys.}} \def\gca{\ref@jnl{Geochim.~Cosmochim.~Acta}} \def\grl{\ref@jnl{Geophys.~Res.~Lett.}} \def\jcp{\ref@jnl{J.~Chem.~Phys.}} \def\jgr{\ref@jnl{J.~Geophys.~Res.}} \def\jqsrt{\ref@jnl{J.~Quant.~Spec.~Radiat.~Transf.}} \def\memsai{\ref@jnl{Mem.~Soc.~Astron.~Italiana}} \def\nphysa{\ref@jnl{Nucl.~Phys.~A}} \def\physrep{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Rep.}} \def\physscr{\ref@jnl{Phys.~Scr}} \def\planss{\ref@jnl{Planet.~Space~Sci.}} \def\procspie{\ref@jnl{Proc.~SPIE}} \let\astap=\aap \let\apjlett=\apjl \let\apjsupp=\apjs \let\applopt=\ao % Initialization. \textwidth 6.5in \textheight 9.0in \oddsidemargin \z@ \evensidemargin \z@ \topmargin \z@ \headheight .2in \headsep .2in \footheight \z@ \parindent \z@ \parskip 1ex \voffset=-0.25in %\hoffset=-0.25in \ps@kpprophead \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0} \thispagestyle{empty}