Bibliography
Brief Bibliography | Short List of Review Articles | Published Papers
Selected Conference Proceedings | Selected Technical Papers

Brief Bibliography:
  1. ``The heating of gas in a galaxy cluster by X-ray cavities and large-scale shock fronts,'' B.R. McNamara, P.E.J. Nulsen, D.A. Rafferty, M. Wise, C. Carilli, C.L. Sarazin, E.L. Blanton, 2005, Nature, 433, 45
  2. ``A Systematic Study of Radio-Induced X-ray Cavities in Clusters, Groups, and Galax- ies'' L. Birzan, D. A. Rafferty, B. R. McNamara, M. W. Wise, & P. E. J. Nulsen, 2004, ApJ, 607, 800
  3. ``Chandra X-ray Observations of the Hydra A Cluster: An Interaction between the Radio Source and the Cluster's X-ray-emitting Gas'' B.R. McNamara, M. Wise, P.E.J. Nulsen, L.P. David, C.L. Sarazin, M. Bautz, M. Markevitch, A. Vikhlinin, W.R. For- man, C. Jones, & D.E. Harris, 2000, ApJ, 534, L135
  4. ``Discovery of Ghost Cavities in the X-ray Atmosphere of Abell 2597'' B.R. McNamara, M.W. Wise, P.E.J. Nulsen, C.L. Sarazin, L.P. David, M. Donahue, C.P. O'Dea, S. Baum, M. Voit, R.W. O'Connell, & A. Koekemoer, 2001, ApJ, 562, L149
  5. ``The 160 Square Degree ROSAT Survey: The Revised Catalog of 201 Clusters with Spectroscopic Redshifts,'' C. R. Mullis, B. R. McNamara, H. Quintana, A. Vikhlinin, J. P. Henry, I. M. Gioia, A. Hornstrup, W. Forman, C. Jones 2003, ApJ, 594, 154
  6. ``A Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Serendipitously Detected in the ROSAT PSPC Pointed Observations'', A. Vikhlinin, B.R. McNamara, W. Forman, C. Jones, H. Quintana, & A. Hornstrup, 1998, ApJ, 502, 558.
  7. `` The Insignificance of Global Reheating in the Abell 1068 Cluster: Multiwavelength Analysis,'' B. R. McNamara, M. W. Wise, & S. S. Murray 2004, ApJ, 601, 173
  8. ``Blue Lobe Galaxies in the Cooling Flow Clusters A1795 and A2597'', B.R. McNamara and R.W. O'Connell, 1993, ApJ, 105, 417.
Back to Top
Short List of Review Articles:
  1. ``Star Formation in Cluster Cooling Flows,'' B. R. McNamara, 2004, in Proceedings of ``The Riddle of Cooling Flows in Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies,'' ed. T. H. Reiprich, J.C. Kempner, and N. Soker, http://www.astro.virginia.edu/coolflow/, astro- ph/0402081
  2. ``Magnetic Bubbles in Galaxy Clusters,'' B. R. McNamara, in ``Clusters of Galaxies: Probes of Cosmological Structure and Galaxy Evolution,'' ed. J. S. Mulchaey, A. Dressler, A. Oemler (Pasadena; Carnegie Observatories), astro-ph/0310708
  3. ``Clusters of Galaxies at Sharp Focus: Cooling Flows and Radio Sources Unveiled by Chandra,'' B.R. McNamara 2002, in ``The High-Energy Universe at Sharp Focus: Chandra Science,'' San Francisco: ASP Conf. Ser., 262, 351, ed. E. M. Schlegel, S. D. Vrtilek, astro-ph/0202199
  4. ``Radio Triggered Star Formation in Cooling Flows'', B.R. McNamara, 2002, New Astronomy Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 2-7, 141, astro-ph/9911129
  5. ``The Optical Properties of Cooling Flow Central Cluster Ellipticals'', B.R. McNamara, Galactic and Cluster Cooling Flows, ed. N. Soker,(San Francisco: Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific), 115, 109, astro-ph/9612196
Back to Top
Published Papers:
  1. ``The Powerful Outburst in Hercules A'' P.E.J. Nulsen, D.C. Hambrick, B.R. McNa- mara, D. Rafferty, L. Birzan, M. Wise, & L.P. David 2005, ApJ, in press
  2. ``The Cluster-Scale AGN Outburst in Hydra A'' P.E.J. Nulsen, B.R. McNamara, M. Wise, & L.P. David 2005, ApJ, in press
  3. ``The heating of gas in a galaxy cluster by X-ray cavities and large-scale shock fronts,''B.R. McNamara, P.E.J. Nulsen, D.A. Rafferty, M. Wise, C. Carilli, C.L. Sarazin, E.L. Blanton, 2005, Nature, 433, 45
  4. Chandra Observation of the Central Region of the Cooling Flows Cluster Abell 262,'' E. L. Blanton, C. L. Sarazin, B. R. McNamara, & T. E. Clarke 2004, ApJ, 612, 817
  5. ``A Chandra X-Ray Observation of A1991: The Late Stages of Infall?,'' M. Sharma, B. R. McNamara, P. E. J. Nulsen, M. Owers, M. Wise, E. L. Blanton, C. L. Sarazin, L. P. David, & F. N. Owen, 2004, ApJ, 613, 180
  6. ``A Systematic Study of Radio-Induced X-ray Cavities in Clusters, Groups, and Galaxies'' L. Birzan, D. A. Rafferty, B. R. McNamara, M. W. Wise, & P. E. J. Nulsen, 2004, ApJ, 607, 800
  7. ``Evolution of the Cluster X-ray Luminosity Function,'' C. R. Mullis, A. Vikhlinin, J. P. Henry, W. Forman, I. M. Gioia, A. Hornstrup, C. Jones, B. R. McNamara, H. Quintana, ApJ, 607, 175
  8. ``The Insignificance of Global Reheating in the Abell 1068 Cluster: X-Ray Analysis,'' M. W. Wise, B. R. McNamara, & S. S. Murray, 2004, ApJ, 601, 184
  9. `` The Insignificance of Global Reheating in the Abell 1068 Cluster: Multiwavelength Analysis,'' B. R. McNamara, M. W. Wise, & S. S. Murray 2004, ApJ, 601, 173
  10. ``The 160 Square Degree ROSAT Survey: The Revised Catalog of 201 Clusters with Spectroscopic Redshifts,'' C. R. Mullis, B. R. McNamara, H. Quintana, A. Vikhlinin, J. P. Henry, I. M. Gioia, A. Hornstrup, W. Forman, C. Jones 2003, ApJ, 594, 154
  11. ``Cosmological Constraints from Evolution of Cluster Baryon Mass Function at Z ¸ 0:5,'' A, Vikhlinin, A. Voeovodkin, C. Mullis, L. Van Speybroeck, H. Quintana, B. R. McNamara, I. Gioia, A. Hornstrup, J. P. Henry, W. R. Forman, C. Jones, 2003, ApJ, 590, 15
  12. ``Chandra Observations of the Cooling Flow Cluster Abell 2052,'' E. Blanton, C. L. Sarazin, & B. R. McNamara, 2003, ApJ, 585, 227
  13. ``A 1--Kiloparsec X-ray Disk in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1700,'' T.S. Statler and B.R. McNamara, 2002, ApJ, 581, 1032.
  14. ``Interaction of Radio Lobes with the Hot Intracluster Medium: Driving Convective Outflow in Hydra A'', P.E.J. Nulsen, L.P. David, B.R. McNamara, C. Jones, W.R. Forman, & M. Wise 2002, ApJ, 568, 163
  15. ``Discovery of Ghost Cavities in the X-ray Atmosphere of Abell 2597'' B.R. McNamara, M.W. Wise, P.E.J. Nulsen, C.L. Sarazin, L.P. David, M. Donahue, C.P. O'Dea, S. Baum, M. Voit, R.W. O'Connell, & A. Koekemoer, 2001, ApJ, 562, L149
  16. ``A High Resolution Study of the Hydra A Cluster with Chandra: Comparison of the Core Mass Distribution with Theoretical Predictions and Evidence for Feedback in the Cooling Flow'', L.P. David, P.E.J. Nulsen, B.R. McNamara, W. Forman, C. Jones, T. Ponman, B. Robertson, M. Wise 2001, ApJ, 557, 546
  17. ``Chandra Observation of the Radio Source / X-ray Gas Interaction in the Cooling Flow Cluster Abell 2052,'' E.L. Blanton, C.L. Sarazin, B.R. McNamara, M.W. Wise 2001, ApJ, 558, L15
  18. ``A Richness Study of 14 Distant X-ray Clusters from the 160 Square Degree Survey,'' B.R. McNamara, A. Vikhlinin, A. Hornstrup, H. Quintana, K. Whitman, W. Forman, C. Jones 2001, ApJ, 588, 590
  19. ``Chandra X-ray Observations of the 3C295 Cluster Core,'' S.W. Allen, G.B. Taylor, P.E.J. Nulsen, R.M., Johnstone, L.P. David, S. Ettori, A.C. Fabian, W. Forman, C. Jones, B.R. McNamara, 2001, MNRAS, 324, 842
  20. ``Multifrequency Analysis of the New Wide-Separation Gravitational Lens Candidate RX J0921+4529'' Munoz, J.A., Falco, E.E., Kochanek, C.S.; Lehar, J., McLeod, B.A., McNamara, B.R., Vikhlinin, A.A., Impey, C.D., Rix, H.-W., Keeton, C.R., peng, C.Y., Mullis, C.R. 2001, ApJ, 546, 769
  21. ``A Moderate Cluster Cooling Flow Model,'' N. Soker, L.P. David, R.E. White, B.R. McNamara 2001, ApJ, 549, 832
  22. ``Chandra Discovery of a Concentration of X-ray Sources around Two Distant (z ¸ 0:5) Clusters'' M. Cappi, P. Mazzotta, Burke, D.J., Comastri, A., David, L., Elvis, M., Fiore, F., Forman, W., Frucione, A., Green, P., Harris, D., Hooper, E., Jones, C., Kaastra, J.S., Kellogg, E., Murray, S., McNamara, B., Nicastro, F., Ponman, T.J., Schlegel, E.M., Siemiginowska, A., Tananbaum, H., Vikhlinin, A., Virani, S., Wilkes, B. 2000, ApJ, 548, 624
  23. ``Chandra X-ray Observations of the Hydra A Cluster: An Interaction between the Radio Source and the Cluster's X-ray-emitting Gas'' B.R. McNamara, M. Wise, P.E.J. Nulsen, L.P. David, C.L. Sarazin, M. Bautz, M. Markevitch, A. Vikhlinin, W.R. Forman, C. Jones, & D.E. Harris, 2000, ApJ, 534, L135
  24. ``The Absolute Effective Area of the Chandra High Resolution Mirror Assembly,'' D.A. Schwartz et al. 2000, SPIE, 4012, 28
  25. ``Chandra X-ray Detection of the Radio Hotspots of 3C295,'' Harris, D.B. et al. 2000, ApJ, 530, L81
  26. ``The Emission-Line Nebula and Radio Source in the Cooling-Flow Cluster Abell 2597'', A. M. Koekemoer, C. P. O'Dea, C.L. Sarazin, B.R. McNamara, M. Donahue, M. Voit, S.A. Baum, J.F. Gallimore 1999, ApJ, 525, 621
  27. ``X-ray Over-Luminous Elliptical Galaxies: A New Class of Mass Concentrations in the Universe?''A. Vikhlinin, B.R. McNamara, A. Hornstrup, H. Quintana, W. Forman, C. Jones, M. Way 1999, ApJ, 520, L1
  28. ``BVRI Light Curves for 22 Type IA Supernovae'', Riess, A.G. et al. 1999, AJ, 177, 707
  29. ``An Alignment Effect in FR I Radio Galaxies: U-band Polarimetry of PKS 2322-122 in the Abell 2597 Cluster Central Galaxy'', B.R. McNamara, B.T. Jannuzi, R. Elston, C.L. Sarazin, & M. Wise, 1999, ApJ, 518, 167
  30. ``Analysis of the AXAF HRMA+ACIS Effective Area Measurements from the XRCF'' C.L. Allen, P.P. Plucinsky, B.R. McNamara, R.J. Edgar, N.S. Schulz, J.W. Woo, 1998, SPIE, 3444, 198
  31. ``A Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Serendipitously Detected in the ROSAT PSPC Pointed Observations'', A. Vikhlinin, B.R. McNamara, W. Forman, C. Jones, H. Quintana, & A. Hornstrup, 1998, ApJ, 502, 558.
  32. ``Evolution of Cluster X-ray Luminosities and Sizes: Results From A 160 Square Degrees ROSAT Survey'', A. Vikhlinin, B.R. McNamara, W. Forman, C. Jones, H. Quintana, & A. Hornstrup, 1998, ApJ, 498, L21
  33. ``ROSAT X-Ray Observations of the Cooling Flow Cluster A2597'', C.L. Sarazin & B.R. McNamara, 1997, ApJ, 480, 203.
  34. ``U-band Polarimetry of the Radio-Aligned Optical Continuum in the Abell 1795 Cluster Central Galaxy'', B.R. McNamara, B.T. Jannuzi, R. Elston, C.L. Sarazin, & M. Wise 1996, ApJ, 469, 66.
  35. ``Optical Structure in the A1795 Cluster Central Galaxy: Evidence for Stripping and Deflection of Radio Jets'', B.R. McNamara, M. Wise B.T. Jannuzi, R. Elston, C.L. Sarazin 1996, ApJ, 466, L9.
  36. ``Optical, Radio and X-ray Structure in NGC 1275'', B.R. McNamara, R.W. O'Connell, and C.L. Sarazin 1996, AJ, 112, 91.
  37. ``Comparison of the Radio, Optical, and X-ray Structure of the cD Galaxy in A2597'', C.L. Sarazin, J.O. Burns, K. Roettiger, B.R. McNamara 1995, ApJ, 447, 559.
  38. ``Blue Lobes in the Hydra A Cluster Central Galaxy'', B.R. McNamara, 1995, ApJ, 443, 77.
  39. ``A Violent Interaction between the Dwarf Galaxy UGC 7636 and the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4472'', B.R. McNamara, R. Sancisi, P.A. Henning, and W. Junor, 1994, AJ, 108, 844.
  40. ``H I & CO in the Nuclear Disk of NGC 4261'', W. Jaffe, & B.R. McNamara, 1994, ApJ, 434, 110.
  41. ``Sensitive Limits on the Molecular Gas Content of Cluster Cooling Flows'', B.R. McNamara, & W. Jaffe 1994, A&A, 281, 673.
  42. ``Blue Lobe Galaxies in the Cooling Flow Clusters A1795 and A2597'', B.R. McNamara and R.W. O'Connell, 1993, ApJ, 105, 417.
  43. ``New Westerbork Observations of the H I cloud Near NGC 4472'', P.A. Henning, R. Sancici, & B.R. McNamara, 1993, A&A, 268, 536.
  44. ``X-ray and Optical Emission Line Filaments in the Cooling Flow Cluster 2A0335+096'', C.L. Sarazin, R.W. O'Connell, and B.R. McNamara, 1992, ApJ, 397, L31.
  45. ``X-ray Emitting Filaments in the Cooling Flow Cluster A2029'', C.L. Sarazin, R.W. O'Connell, and B.R. McNamara, ApJ, 1992, 389, L59.
  46. ``Color Gradients in Cooling Flows in Clusters of Galaxies'', B.R. McNamara and R.W. O'Connell, 1992, ApJ, 393, 579.
  47. ``Evidence for Cool Gas and Star Formation in Cluster Cooling Flows'' McNamara, B.R. 1991, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Virginia.
  48. ``The Size and Shape of (2) Pallas from the 1983 Occultation of 1 Vulpeculae'', Dunham, D.W. et al., 1990, AJ, 99, 1636.
  49. ``H I Absorption Toward Cooling Flows in Clusters of Galaxies'', B.R. McNamara, J.N. Bregman, and R.W. O'Connell, 1990, ApJ, 360, 20.
  50. ``Parallaxes and Proper Motions from the McCormick Observatory: List 46'' P.A. Ianna, B.R. McNamara, and M.R. Greason, 1990, ApJ, 99, 415.
  51. ``Infrared Emission from Central Dominant Galaxies in X-ray Luminous Clusters'', J.N. Bregman, B.R. McNamara, and R.W. O'Connell, 1990, ApJ, 351, 406.
  52. ``Star Formation in Cooling Flows in Clusters of Galaxies'', B.R. McNamara and R.W. O'Connell, 1989, ApJ, 98, 2018.
  53. ``Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in the Young Cluster IC 2391'', J. Stauffer, L.W. Hartmann, B.F. Jones, and B.R. McNamara, 1989, ApJ, 342, 285.
  54. ``The Fate of Matter in Cooling Flows'', R.W. O'Connell and B.R. McNamara, 1989, AJ, 98, 180.
  55. ``The Low-Mass Companion to Wolf 922'', B.R. McNamara, P.A. Ianna, and L.W. Fredrick, 1987, ApJ, 93, 1245.
  56. ``Evidence for Dynamical Evolution of the Open Cluster IC 2391'', B.R. McNamara, Masters Thesis, University of Virginia, 1987, P.A. Ianna, Supervisor.
Back to Top
Selected Conference Proceedings:
  • Author of several dozen conference talks and posters listed on ADS
  • ``Star Formation in Cluster Cooling Flows,'' B. R. McNamara, 2004, in Proceedings of ``The Riddle of Cooling Flows in Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies,'' ed. T. H. Reiprich, J.C. Kempner, and N. Soker, http://www.astro.virginia.edu/coolflow/ (invited)
  • ``A New View of Cluster Cooling Flows from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory,'' B. R. McNamara, 2003, in Four Years of Chandra Observations, A Tribute to Riccardo Giacconni,'' ed. S. O'Dell http://wwwastro.msfc.nasa.gov/Ch4/#session10
  • ``Radio Sources in Cooling Flow Clusters: A Solution to the Problem of the Missing Cool Gas?'' E.L. Blanton, C.L. Sarazin, B.R. McNamara, & T.E. Clarke, 2003, in Four Years of Chandra Observations, A Tribute to Riccardo Giacconni,'' ed. S. O'Dell
    http://wwwastro.msfc.nasa.gov/Ch4/#session10
  • ``Magnetic Bubbles in Galaxy Clusters,'' B. R. McNamara, in ``Clusters of Galaxies: Probes of Cosmological Structure and Galaxy Evolution,'' ed. J. S. Mulchaey, A. Dressler, A. Oemler (Pasadena; Carnegie Observatories), astro-ph/0310708
  • ``Clusters of Galaxies at Sharp Focus: Cooling Flows and Radio Sources Unveiled by Chandra,'' B.R. McNamara 2002, in ``The High-Energy Universe at Sharp Focus: Chandra Science,'' San Francisco: ASP Conf. Ser., 262, 351, ed. E. M. Schlegel, S. D. Vrtilek, astro-ph/0202199 (invited)
  • ``X-ray Structure in Cluster Cooling Flows and Its Relationship to Star Formation and Powerful Radio Sources,'' B.R. McNamara, in ``Proceedings of XXI Moriond conference: Galaxy Clusters and the High Redshift Universe Observed in X-rays'', edited by D. Neumann, F. Durret, & J. Tran Thanh Van, 2001, (astro-ph/0105563)
  • ``New Perspectives on Cooling Flows and Cluster Radio Sources,'' B.R. McNamara, M.W. Wise, L.P. David, P.E.J. Nulsen, & C.L. Sarazin in ``Constructing the Universe with Clusters of Galaxies,'' edited by F. Durret, D. Gerbal, Paris, France 2001, (astroph/0012331)
  • ``Radio Triggered Star Formation in Cooling Flows'', B.R. McNamara, 2002, New Astronomy Reviews, Vol. 46, Issue 2-7, 141 (astro-ph/9911129)
  • ``Clusters, Cosmology, and AXAF'', C. Jones, A. Vikhlinin, & B.R. McNamara, 1998, Clusters & Cosmology, Moriond, in press (invited).
  • ``The Optical Properties of Cooling Flow Central Cluster Ellipticals'', B.R. McNamara, Galactic and Cluster Cooling Flows, ed. N. Soker, (San Francisco: Publ. Astr. Soc. Pacific), 115, 109, astro-ph/9612196, (invited).
  • ``Radio-Optical Alignments in Nearby Cooling Flow Cluster Central Galaxies'', B.R. McNamara, 1996 in Extragalactic Radio Sources, IAU 175, Bologna, October 10-14, 1995.
  • ``Blue Light in Central Cluster Galaxies'', B.R. McNamara, The Physics of Clusters of Galaxies, Aspen Institute for Physics, Aspen, CO, June 18-July 3, 1994 (invited).
  • ``Star Formation in Cluster Cooling Flows'', B.R. McNamara, Internal Dynamics of Ellipticals and Bulges, Heidelberg, Germany, August 12-14, 1992 (invited).
  • ``Color Mapping Cluster Cooling Flow Galaxies'', B.R. McNamara, 1992 in The Stellar Populations of Galaxies, IAU 149, Eds. B. Barbuy & A. Renzini, (Kluwer: Dordrecht).
  • ``Molecular Gas in Cooling Flow Galaxies'', B.R. McNamara, 1992 in James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Annual Report'', p. 18.
  • ``Jet-Induced Star Formation in Cluster Cooling Flows'', B.R. McNamara, in The Evolution of Galaxies and Their Environment, Eds. H.A. Thronson & J.M. Shull, 1992, (Kluwer:Dordrecht).
  • ``Color Gradients in Cluster Cooling Flows'', B.R. McNamara & R.W. O'Connell in Clusters & Superclusters of Galaxies, ed. M.M. Colless et al., July 1991, NATO ASI, Cambridge, England.
  • ``Cool Gas and Star Formation in Cluster Cooling Flows'', B.R. McNamara, R.W. O'Connell, and J.N. Bregman, in Clusters of Galaxies, edited by M.J. Fitchett and W.R. Oegerle (STScI, Baltimore), p. 159, 1989.
  • ``Evidence for Star Formation in Cooling Flows'', R.W. O'Connell and B.R. McNamara, In Cooling Flows in Clusters and Galaxies, edited by A.C. Fabian (Kluwer, Dordrecht), p. 103, 1988. (invited)
Back to Top
Selected Technical Papers:
  1. ``The ACIS Calibration Webpage,''
    http://asc.harvard.edu/cal/Links/Acis/acis/WWWacis cal.html
  2. ``An Analysis of the ACIS-HRMA Point Response Function,'' A. Ware, B.R. McNamara, CXC Memorandum, March 1, 1999
  3. ``The Effect of Degraded Charge Transfer Efficiency on ACIS Imaging Performance,'' B.R. McNamara, CXC Memorandum, September 17, 1999
  4. ``A Plan for Removing Photon Event Pileup from AXAF+ACIS Observations,'' B.R. McNamara, M. Wise, J. Kastner, ASC Memorandum, August 25, 1998.
  5. ``An Analytic Model for Pulse Pileup with ACIS'' B.R. McNamara, ASC Memorandum, September, 1997.
  6. ``The AXAF Science Center Performance Prediction and Calibration Simulator'' R.A. Zacher, A.H. MacKay, B.R. McNamara, & L.P. David 1996, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems VI, ASP Conference Series.
  7. ``ACIS-XRCF Performance Modeling Webpage'', B.R. McNamara & R. Zacher 1996, http://hea-www.harvard.edu/asc/asc/cal/simulations/acis sim.html.
  8. ``ACIS-2C XRCF Operations Concept'', B.R. McNamara & K. Glotfelty, July, 1996.
  9. ``ACIS Subassembly Operations Concept I & II'', B.R. McNamara, March 27, 1995.
  10. ``Design for a Full-Frame CCD Simulator'', B.R. McNamara & R. Zacher, December 8, 1994.
  11. ``ACIS Subassembly Software Plan'', B.R. McNamara, September 23, 1994.
  12. ``Critical Bandpasses for ACIS Quantum Efficiency Calibration'', B.R. McNamara & P. Plucinsky, September 23, 1994.
  13. ``An Examination of the ACIS Focal Plane Geometry'', P. Plucinsky & B.R. McNamara, 29 April, 1994.
  14. ``The Effect of the High Resolution Mirror Assembly Point Response Function on Astrophysical Jets using the High Resolution Camera'', B.R. McNamara, September 14, 1993.
  15. ``Detecting Faint X-ray Emission Surrounding AGN with AXAF'', B.R. McNamara, August 26, 1993.
Ohio University Department of Physics and Astronomy | Ohio University Astrophysics